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genders","unit":"years","shortUnit":"years","tolerance":5,"numDecimalPlaces":1},"schemaVersion":2,"processingLevel":"minor","presentation":{"titlePublic":"Expected years of schooling","attributionShort":"UNDP","topicTagsLinks":["Human Development Index (HDI)"]},"descriptionKey":["Expected years of schooling estimates how long a child starting school today is likely to stay in education, assuming current enrollment patterns continue throughout their schooling years.","It is calculated by combining enrollment rates at each level of education and age group, adjusted for the official age of attendance, resulting in the average number of years a child can expect to complete—including time spent repeating grades.","The measure reflects access to education rather than completion or learning outcomes, and assumes current patterns remain stable over time.","Expected years can be broken down into [pre-primary](#dod:pre-primary-education), [primary](#dod:primary-education), [secondary](#dod:secondary-education), and [tertiary](#dod:tertiary-education), showing the expected time spent at each stage.","A higher value means students are expected to spend more time in school. For example, 2.5 years in pre-primary means most children will attend around 2.5 years of preschool; a country with 15 total expected years but only 0.5 in pre-primary likely has limited access to early childhood education.","UNDP originally obtained this indicator from: ICF Macro Demographic and Health Surveys (various years), UNESCO Institute for Statistics (2024) and United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys (various years)"],"origins":[{"id":3545,"title":"Human Development Report","description":"Artificial intelligence (AI) has broken into a dizzying gallop. While AI feats grab headlines, they privilege technology in a make-believe vacuum, obscuring what really matters: people's choices.\n\nThe choices that people have and can realize, within ever expanding freedoms, are essential to human development, whose goal is for people to live lives they value and have reason to value. A world with AI is flush with choices the exercise of which is both a matter of human development and a means to advance it.\n\nGoing forward, development depends less on what AI can do—not on how human-like it is perceived to be—and more on mobilizing people's imaginations to reshape economies and societies to make the most of it. Instead of trying vainly to predict what will happen, the 2025's Human Development Report asks what choices can be made so that new development pathways for all countries dot the horizon, helping everyone have a shot at thriving in a world with AI.\n\nFor more details, refer to https://hdr.undp.org/data-center/documentation-and-downloads","producer":"UNDP, Human Development Report","citationFull":"UNDP (United Nations Development Programme). 2025. Human Development Report 2025: A matter of choice: People and possibilities in the age of AI. New York.","attributionShort":"UNDP","urlMain":"https://hdr.undp.org/","urlDownload":"https://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/2025_HDR/HDR25_Composite_indices_complete_time_series.csv","dateAccessed":"2025-05-07","datePublished":"2025-05-06","license":{"url":"https://hdr.undp.org/copyright-and-terms-use","name":"CC BY 3.0 IGO"}}]}