{"id":1107556,"name":"Labor force participation rate, female (% of female population ages 15+) (modeled ILO estimate)","unit":"%","createdAt":"2025-09-16T10:07:05.000Z","updatedAt":"2025-10-23T17:33:06.000Z","coverage":"","timespan":"1990-2024","datasetId":7211,"shortUnit":"%","columnOrder":0,"shortName":"sl_tlf_cact_fe_zs","catalogPath":"grapher/worldbank_wdi/2025-09-08/wdi/wdi#sl_tlf_cact_fe_zs","descriptionShort":"Share of the female working-age population (15+) who are economically active (employed or unemployed).","descriptionFromProducer":"Labor force participation rate is the proportion of the population ages 15 and older that is economically active: all people who supply labor for the production of goods and services during a specified period.\n\n### Limitations and exceptions:\nData on the labor force are compiled by the ILO from labor force surveys, censuses, and establishment censuses and surveys. For some countries a combination of these sources is used. Labor force surveys are the most comprehensive source for internationally comparable labor force data. They can cover all non-institutionalized civilians, all branches and sectors of the economy, and all categories of workers, including people holding multiple jobs. By contrast, labor force data from population censuses are often based on a limited number of questions on the economic characteristics of individuals, with little scope to probe. The resulting data often differ from labor force survey data and vary considerably by country, depending on the census scope and coverage. Establishment censuses and surveys provide data only on the employed population, not unemployed workers, workers in small establishments, or workers in the informal sector.\n\nThe reference period of a census or survey is another important source of differences: in some countries data refer to people's status on the day of the census or survey or during a specific period before the inquiry date, while in others data are recorded without reference to any period. In countries, where the household is the basic unit of production and all members contribute to output, but some at low intensity or irregularly, the estimated labor force may be much smaller than the numbers actually working.\n\nDiffering definitions of employment age also affect comparability. For most countries the working age is 15 and older, but in some countries children younger than 15 work full- or part-time and are included in the estimates. Similarly, some countries have an upper age limit. As a result, calculations may systematically over- or underestimate actual rates.\n\n### Statistical concept and methodology:\nThe labor force is the supply of labor available for producing goods and services in an economy. It includes people who are currently employed and people who are unemployed but seeking work as well as first-time job-seekers. Not everyone who works is included, however. Unpaid workers, family workers, and students are often omitted, and some countries do not count members of the armed forces. Labor force size tends to vary during the year as seasonal workers enter and leave.\n\nThe series is part of the \"ILO modeled estimates database,\" including nationally reported observations and imputed data for countries with missing data, primarily to capture regional and global trends with consistent country coverage. Country-reported microdata is based mainly on nationally representative labor force surveys, with other sources (e.g., household surveys and population censuses) considering differences in the data source, the scope of coverage, methodology, and other country-specific factors. Country analysis requires caution where limited nationally reported data are available. A series of models are also applied to impute missing observations and make projections. However, imputed observations are not based on national data, are subject to high uncertainty, and should not be used for country comparisons or rankings. For more information: https://ilostat.ilo.org/resources/concepts-and-definitions/ilo-modelled-estimates/\n\n### Notes from original source:\nGiven the exceptional situation, including the scarcity of relevant data, the ILO modeled estimates and projections from 2020 onwards are subject to substantial uncertainty.","type":"float","dataChecksum":"6747224020264460361","metadataChecksum":"3982379811564543936","datasetName":"World Development Indicators","updatePeriodDays":365,"datasetVersion":"2025-09-08","nonRedistributable":false,"display":{"name":"Female labor force participation rate","unit":"%","shortUnit":"%","tolerance":5,"numDecimalPlaces":1},"schemaVersion":2,"presentation":{"attributionShort":"ILO"},"descriptionKey":["The labor force participation rate shows the share of working-age people who are either employed (working for pay or profit) or unemployed (not working, but actively looking for work and available to start). This indicator shows the share of the population that is economically active.","People who are not seeking work or are not available, such as students, retired people, or unpaid caregivers, are excluded as they are considered to be outside the labor force.","When defining the labor force, the definition of “working age” varies across countries, depending on national laws and practices. In the ILO modeled estimates shown here, this is harmonized to refer to people aged 15 and older.","This data comes from the ILO Modelled Estimates series. The ILO combines countries' own reported estimates with statistically modeled estimates when observations are missing. This ensures that the data follows harmonized definitions and is comparable across countries and over time. It also allows the ILO to calculate regional and global aggregates for every year. You can read more about how the ILO produces these estimates in the [Modelled Estimates documentation](https://ilostat.ilo.org/methods/concepts-and-definitions/ilo-modelled-estimates/).","This data follows the standards of the [13th International Classification of Labour Statisticians (ICLS)](#dod:13-icls). One important point is that employment encompasses work for pay or profit, including self-employment, and also the production of goods for own use (such as subsistence farming). Changes in the definition of employment imply changes in the identification of the unemployed and of those out of the labor force. Because definitions changed under the [19th ICLS](#dod:19-icls), data using those newer definitions are not fully comparable with data based on the 13th ICLS. You can read more about the definitions in [this explainer by the ILO](https://www.ilo.org/publications/quick-guide-understanding-impact-new-statistical-standards-ilostat)."],"dimensions":{"years":{"values":[{"id":1990},{"id":1991},{"id":1992},{"id":1993},{"id":1994},{"id":1995},{"id":1996},{"id":1997},{"id":1998},{"id":1999},{"id":2000},{"id":2001},{"id":2002},{"id":2003},{"id":2004},{"id":2005},{"id":2006},{"id":2007},{"id":2008},{"id":2009},{"id":2010},{"id":2011},{"id":2012},{"id":2013},{"id":2014},{"id":2015},{"id":2016},{"id":2017},{"id":2018},{"id":2019},{"id":2020},{"id":2021},{"id":2022},{"id":2023},{"id":2024}]},"entities":{"values":[{"id":15,"name":"Afghanistan","code":"AFG"},{"id":16,"name":"Albania","code":"ALB"},{"id":17,"name":"Algeria","code":"DZA"},{"id":19,"name":"Angola","code":"AGO"},{"id":21,"name":"Argentina","code":"ARG"},{"id":22,"name":"Armenia","code":"ARM"},{"id":23,"name":"Australia","code":"AUS"},{"id":24,"name":"Austria","code":"AUT"},{"id":25,"name":"Azerbaijan","code":"AZE"},{"id":26,"name":"Bahamas","code":"BHS"},{"id":27,"name":"Bahrain","code":"BHR"},{"id":28,"name":"Bangladesh","code":"BGD"},{"id":29,"name":"Barbados","code":"BRB"},{"id":30,"name":"Belarus","code":"BLR"},{"id":4,"name":"Belgium","code":"BEL"},{"id":31,"name":"Belize","code":"BLZ"},{"id":32,"name":"Benin","code":"BEN"},{"id":33,"name":"Bhutan","code":"BTN"},{"id":34,"name":"Bolivia","code":"BOL"},{"id":35,"name":"Bosnia 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(WB)","code":null},{"id":111,"name":"Moldova","code":"MDA"},{"id":112,"name":"Mongolia","code":"MNG"},{"id":215,"name":"Montenegro","code":"MNE"},{"id":110,"name":"Morocco","code":"MAR"},{"id":109,"name":"Mozambique","code":"MOZ"},{"id":142,"name":"Myanmar","code":"MMR"},{"id":108,"name":"Namibia","code":"NAM"},{"id":107,"name":"Nepal","code":"NPL"},{"id":5,"name":"Netherlands","code":"NLD"},{"id":220,"name":"New Caledonia","code":"NCL"},{"id":106,"name":"New Zealand","code":"NZL"},{"id":105,"name":"Nicaragua","code":"NIC"},{"id":104,"name":"Niger","code":"NER"},{"id":103,"name":"Nigeria","code":"NGA"},{"id":278896,"name":"North America (WB)","code":null},{"id":128,"name":"North Korea","code":"PRK"},{"id":66,"name":"North Macedonia","code":"MKD"},{"id":102,"name":"Norway","code":"NOR"},{"id":217,"name":"Oman","code":"OMN"},{"id":101,"name":"Pakistan","code":"PAK"},{"id":140,"name":"Palestine","code":"PSE"},{"id":100,"name":"Panama","code":"PAN"},{"id":99,"name":"Papua New 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World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially-recognized international sources. It presents the most current and accurate global development data available, and includes national, regional and global estimates.","producer":"ILO Modelled Estimates and Projections database (ILOEST) – ILOSTAT, via World Bank","citationFull":"International Labour Organization. “ILO Modelled Estimates and Projections database (ILOEST)” ILOSTAT. Accessed January 07, 2025. https://ilostat.ilo.org/data/. Indicator SL.TLF.CACT.FE.ZS (https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.TLF.CACT.FE.ZS). World Development Indicators - World Bank (2025). Accessed on 2025-09-08.","versionProducer":"122","urlMain":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.TLF.CACT.FE.ZS","urlDownload":"https://datacatalogfiles.worldbank.org/ddh-published/0037712/DR0095335/WDI_CSV_2025_07_02.zip","dateAccessed":"2025-09-08","datePublished":"2025-07-03","license":{"url":"https://datacatalog.worldbank.org/search/dataset/0037712/World-Development-Indicators","name":"CC BY 4.0"}}]}