{"id":1119913,"name":"CO₂ emissions per unit energy","unit":"grams per kilowatt-hour","createdAt":"2025-11-13T06:53:39.000Z","updatedAt":"2026-06-02T16:21:04.000Z","coverage":"","timespan":"1965-2024","datasetId":7266,"shortUnit":"g/kWh","columnOrder":0,"shortName":"emissions_total_per_unit_energy","catalogPath":"grapher/gcp/2025-11-13/global_carbon_budget/global_carbon_budget#emissions_total_per_unit_energy","descriptionShort":"Carbon dioxide (CO₂) emitted per unit of [primary energy consumption](#dod:primaryenergy), measured in grams of CO₂ per [kilowatt-hour](#dod:watt-hours).","descriptionProcessing":"- Global emissions are converted from tonnes of carbon to tonnes of carbon dioxide (CO₂) using a factor of 3.664. This is the conversion factor [recommended by the Global Carbon Project](https://globalcarbonbudgetdata.org/downloads/jGJH0-data/Global+Carbon+Budget+v2024+Dataset+Descriptions.pdf). It reflects that one tonne of carbon, when fully oxidized, forms 3.664 tonnes of CO₂, based on the relative molecular weights of carbon and oxygen in CO₂.\n- Emissions from the 1991 Kuwaiti oil fires are included in Kuwait's emissions for that year.","type":"float","dataChecksum":"6839190752426965176","metadataChecksum":"-1647331430242749760","datasetName":"Global Carbon Budget","updatePeriodDays":365,"datasetVersion":"2025-11-13","nonRedistributable":false,"display":{"unit":"grams per kilowatt-hour","shortUnit":"g","numDecimalPlaces":0},"schemaVersion":2,"processingLevel":"major","presentation":{"topicTagsLinks":["CO2 & Greenhouse Gas Emissions"]},"descriptionKey":["Average amount of CO₂ emitted for each unit of energy a country uses. It is calculated by dividing emissions from [fossil fuels and industry](#dod:fossilemissions) by [primary energy consumption](#dod:primaryenergy).","It reflects how carbon-intensive a country's energy is. Lower values indicate a larger role for low-carbon sources such as nuclear and renewables."],"dimensions":{"years":{"values":[{"id":1980},{"id":1981},{"id":1982},{"id":1983},{"id":1984},{"id":1985},{"id":1986},{"id":1987},{"id":1988},{"id":1989},{"id":1990},{"id":1991},{"id":1992},{"id":1993},{"id":1994},{"id":1995},{"id":1996},{"id":1997},{"id":1998},{"id":1999},{"id":2000},{"id":2001},{"id":2002},{"id":2003},{"id":2004},{"id":2005},{"id":2006},{"id":2007},{"id":2008},{"id":2009},{"id":2010},{"id":2011},{"id":2012},{"id":2013},{"id":2014},{"id":2015},{"id":2016},{"id":2017},{"id":2018},{"id":2019},{"id":2020},{"id":2021},{"id":2022},{"id":2023},{"id":2024},{"id":1965},{"id":1966},{"id":1967},{"id":1968},{"id":1969},{"id":1970},{"id":1971},{"id":1972},{"id":1973},{"id":1974},{"id":1975},{"id":1976},{"id":1977},{"id":1978},{"id":1979}]},"entities":{"values":[{"id":15,"name":"Afghanistan","code":"AFG"},{"id":273,"name":"Africa","code":"OWID_AFR"},{"id":16,"name":"Albania","code":"ALB"},{"id":17,"name":"Algeria","code":"DZA"},{"id":19,"name":"Angola","code":"AGO"},{"id":346,"name":"Antarctica","code":"ATA"},{"id":20,"name":"Antigua and Barbuda","code":"ATG"},{"id":21,"name":"Argentina","code":"ARG"},{"id":22,"name":"Armenia","code":"ARM"},{"id":219,"name":"Aruba","code":"ABW"},{"id":275,"name":"Asia","code":"OWID_ASI"},{"id":350243,"name":"Asia (excl. 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Initially, these were simple republished data from other sources, but over time, refinements were made based on feedback and correction of inaccuracies.\n","producer":"Global Carbon Project","citationFull":"Andrew, R. M., & Peters, G. P. (2025). The Global Carbon Project's fossil CO2 emissions dataset (2025v15) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17417124\n\nThe data files of the Global Carbon Budget can be found at: https://globalcarbonbudget.org/carbonbudget/\n\nFor more details, see the original paper:\nFriedlingstein, P., O'Sullivan, M., Jones, M. W., Andrew, R. M., Bakker, D. C. E., Hauck, J., Landschützer, P., Le Quéré, C., Luijkx, I. T., Peters, G. P., Peters, W., Pongratz, J., Schwingshackl, C., Sitch, S., Canadell, J. G., Ciais, P., Jackson, R. B., Alin, S. R., Anthoni, P., Barbero, L., Bates, N. R., Becker, M., Bellouin, N., Decharme, B., Bopp, L., Brasika, I. B. M., Cadule, P., Chamberlain, M. A., Chandra, N., Chau, T.-T.-T., Chevallier, F., Chini, L. 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Initially, these were simple republished data from other sources, but over time, refinements were made based on feedback and correction of inaccuracies.\n","producer":"Global Carbon Project","citationFull":"Andrew, R. M., & Peters, G. P. (2025). The Global Carbon Project's fossil CO2 emissions dataset (2025v15) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17417124\n\nThe data files of the Global Carbon Budget can be found at: https://globalcarbonbudget.org/carbonbudget/\n\nFriedlingstein, P., O'Sullivan, M., Jones, M. W., Andrew, R. M., Hauck, J., Landschützer, P., Le Quéré, C., Li, H., Luijkx, I. T., Olsen, A., Peters, G. P., Peters, W., Pongratz, J., Schwingshackl, C., Sitch, S., Canadell, J. G., Ciais, P., Jackson, R. B., Alin, S. R., Arneth, A., Arora, V., Bates, N. R., Becker, M., Bellouin, N., Berghoff, C. F., Bittig, H. C., Bopp, L., Cadule, P., Campbell, K., Chamberlain, M. A., Chandra, N., Chevallier, F., Chini, L. P., Colligan, T., Decayeux, J., Djeutchouang, L. 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