{"id":1204384,"name":"Mammal species, threatened","unit":"","createdAt":"2026-03-01T08:23:24.000Z","updatedAt":"2026-05-12T18:49:22.000Z","coverage":"","timespan":"2017-2022","datasetId":7396,"columnOrder":0,"shortName":"en_mam_thrd_no","catalogPath":"grapher/worldbank_wdi/2026-02-27/wdi/wdi#en_mam_thrd_no","descriptionFromProducer":"Mammal species are mammals excluding whales and porpoises. Threatened species are the number of species classified by the IUCN as endangered, vulnerable, rare, indeterminate, out of danger, or insufficiently known.\n\n### Aggregation method:\nSum\n\n### Statistical concept and methodology:\nMethodology: Species assessed as Critically Endangered (CR), Endangered (EN) or Vulnerable (VU) are referred to as \"threatened\" species. The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species collects and disseminates information on the global threatened species.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nProportion of threatened species is only reported for the more completely evaluated groups (i.e., >90% of species evaluated). Also, the reported percentage of threatened species for each group is presented as a best estimate within a range of possible values bounded by lower and upper estimates:\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nLower estimate = % threatened extant species if all Data Deficient species are not threatened, i.e., (CR + EN + VU) / (total assessed - EX)\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nBest estimate = % threatened extant species if Data Deficient species are equally threatened as data sufficient species, i.e., (CR + EN + VU) / (total assessed - EX - DD)\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nUpper estimate = % threatened extant species if all Data Deficient species are threatened, i.e., (CR + EN + VU + DD) / (total assessed - EX)\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nAdditional information on ecology and habitat preferences, threats, and conservation action are also collated and assessed as part of Red List process.\nStatistical concept(s):\n\n### Development relevance:\nAs threats to biodiversity mount, the international community is increasingly focusing on conserving diversity. The number of threatened species is an important measure of the immediate need for conservation in an area. Global analyses of the status of threatened species have been carried out for few groups of organisms. Only for mammals, birds, and amphibians has the status of virtually all known species been assessed.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nThreatened species are defined using the International Union for Conservation of Nature's (IUCN) classification: endangered (in danger of extinction and unlikely to survive if causal factors continue operating) and vulnerable (likely to move into the endangered category in the near future if causal factors continue operating).\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nThe International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species is widely recognized as the most comprehensive, objective global approach for evaluating the conservation status of plant and animal species. The IUCN draws on and mobilizes a network of scientists and partner organizations working in almost every country in the world, who collectively hold what is likely the most complete scientific knowledge base on the biology and conservation status of species.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nthe IUCN Red List covers a comprehensive assessment of the conservation status of the world's 5,488 mammal species, including global summary statistics, individual species accounts/threat category, range map, ecology information, and some other data. Mammal species are found spread across the globe, with the exception of the land mass of Antarctica. Nearly one-quarter of the world's mammal species are known to be globally threatened or extinct, 63 percent are known to not be threatened, and 15 percent have insufficient data to determine their threat status. Habitat loss, affecting over 2,000 mammal species, is the greatest threat globally. The second greatest threat is utilization which is affecting over 900 mammal species, mainly those in Asia.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nDirect threats to species are the proximate human activities or processes that have impacted, are impacting, or may impact the status of the taxon being assessed (e.g., unsustainable fishing or logging). Direct threats are synonymous with sources of stress and proximate pressures. Threats can be past (historical, unlikely to return or historical, likely to return), ongoing, and/or likely to occur in the future.\n\n### Limitations and exceptions:\nReporting the proportion of threatened species on the Red List is complicated by the fact that not all species groups have been fully evaluated, and also by the fact that some species have so little information available that they can only be assessed as Data Deficient (DD). For many of the incompletely evaluated groups, assessment efforts have focused on species that are likely to be threatened; therefore any percentage of threatened species reported for these groups would be heavily biased (i.e., the percentage of threatened species would likely be an overestimate).\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nSome parts of the world, such as the Andes, Central and West Africa, Angola, parts of South and Southeast Asia, and Melanesia, still have sparse information available of their mammal faunas. In addition, many species' names, especially in the tropics, actually represent complexes of several species that have not yet been resolved. The information on the relative importance of different threatening processes to mammal species is incomplete. IUCN codes all threats that appear to have an important impact, but not their relative importance for each species.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nSince IUCN has evaluated extinction risk for less than 5 percent of the world's described species, IUCN cannot provide an overall estimate for how many of the planet's species are threatened. For those groups that have been comprehensively evaluated, the proportion of threatened species can be calculated, but the number of threatened species is often uncertain because it is not known whether Data Deficient species are actually threatened or not.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nDue to variations in consistency and methods of collection, data quality is highly variable across countries. Some countries update their information more frequently than others, some have more accurate data on extent of coverage, and many underreport the number or extent of protected areas. Also, because of differences in definitions, reporting practices, and reporting periods, cross-country comparability of threatened species is limited.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nIn order to ensure global uniformity when describing the habitat in which a taxon (a taxonomic group of any rank) occurs, the threats to a taxon, what conservation actions are in place or are needed, and whether or not the taxon is utilized, a set of standard terms, called Classification Schemes, are being developed, for documenting taxonomy on the IUCN Red List.","type":"int","dataChecksum":"9537271398372462595","metadataChecksum":"2502146109504762031","datasetName":"World Development 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It includes over 1,500 indicators covering more than 200 countries and territories, with data spanning several decades.WDI serves as a vital resource for policymakers, researchers, businesses, and analysts seeking to understand global trends and make data-driven decisions. The database covers a wide range of topics, including economic growth, education, health, poverty, trade, energy, infrastructure, governance, and environmental sustainability.The indicators are sourced from reputable national and international agencies, ensuring high-quality, consistent, and comparable data. Users can access the database through interactive online tools, API services, and downloadable datasets, facilitating detailed analysis and visualization.WDI is also used for tracking progress on the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and other global development initiatives. By providing accessible and reliable statistics, it helps to inform policy discussions and strategies globally.Whether for academic research, policy planning, or economic analysis, the World Development Indicators database is an essential tool for understanding and addressing global development challenges.","producer":"IUCN Red List (IUCN and UNEP-WCMC), via World Bank","citationFull":"The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, UN Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC), uri: https://www.iucnredlist.org/;\nInternational Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), uri: https://www.iucnredlist.org/. Indicator EN.MAM.THRD.NO (https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/EN.MAM.THRD.NO). World Development Indicators - World Bank (2026). Accessed on 2026-02-27.","versionProducer":"125","urlMain":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/EN.MAM.THRD.NO","urlDownload":"https://databankfiles.worldbank.org/public/ddpext_download/WDI_CSV.zip","dateAccessed":"2026-02-27","datePublished":"2026-01-28","license":{"url":"https://datacatalog.worldbank.org/search/dataset/0037712/World-Development-Indicators","name":"CC BY 4.0"}}]}