{"id":1207458,"name":"GDP (Fouquin and Hugot (CEPII 2016))","unit":"current GBP","description":"GDP in British pounds at current prices.","createdAt":"2026-03-06T11:06:41.000Z","updatedAt":"2026-03-06T11:06:41.000Z","coverage":"","timespan":"1827-2014","datasetId":7649,"shortUnit":"£","columnOrder":0,"shortName":"gdp__fouquin_and_hugot__cepii_2016","catalogPath":"grapher/trade/2018-03-19/current_gdp__british_pounds__fouquin_and_hugot__cepii_2016/current_gdp__british_pounds__fouquin_and_hugot__cepii_2016#gdp__fouquin_and_hugot__cepii_2016","type":"int","datasetName":"Current GDP (British pounds) - Fouquin and Hugot (CEPII 2016)","datasetVersion":"2018-03-19","nonRedistributable":false,"display":{"unit":"current GBP","shortUnit":"£","numDecimalPlaces":0},"schemaVersion":1,"presentation":{},"source":{"id":31377,"name":"Michel Fouquin and Jules Hugot (2016)","dataPublishedBy":"Michel Fouquin & Jules Hugot , 2016. \"Two Centuries of Bilateral Trade and Gravity Data: 1827-2014,\" CEPII Working Paper 2016- 14 , May 2016 , CEPII","dataPublisherSource":"","link":"http://www.cepii.fr/cepii/en/bdd_modele/presentation.asp?id=32","retrievedDate":"2018-03-19","additionalInfo":"Due to the long-run nature of Fouquin and Hugot (CEPII 2016) time series, GDP estimates are compiled using a variety of sources. The top five sources, which together make up more than a third of the dataset (approx 11,864 observations out of 31,541) are from the following sources: World Bank (2015) (8513 obs); Mitchell (2017a,b,c) (1714); Barbieri and Keshik (2012) (1037 obs); Smits et al (2014) (335 obs); and Dincecco and Prado (2013) (265 obs).\n\nA comprehensive list of GDP sources and full references can be found here: http://www.cepii.fr/PDF_PUB/wp/2016/wp2016-14.pdf, Table 7, page 19.\n\nSimilarly, CEPII's exchange rate variable is set to the British pound value of one local currency unit. Again, it draws on a range of sources of which the top five are reported here: International Monetary Fund (2012) (4394 obs); extracted from Wikipedia (2448 obs); Barbieri and Keshk (2012) (2005 obs); Officer (2014) (1752 obs); and Denzel (2010) (1750 obs).\n\nA comprehensive list of exchange rate sources and full references can be found here: http://www.cepii.fr/PDF_PUB/wp/2016/wp2016-14.pdf, Table 8, page 21.\n\nRussia time series is comprised of Russia from 1992-2014 and the USSR from 1827-1991."},"dimensions":{"years":{"values":[{"id":1827},{"id":1828},{"id":1829},{"id":1830},{"id":1831},{"id":1832},{"id":1833},{"id":1834},{"id":1835},{"id":1836},{"id":1837},{"id":1838},{"id":1839},{"id":1840},{"id":1841},{"id":1842},{"id":1843},{"id":1844},{"id":1845},{"id":1846},{"id":1847},{"id":1848},{"id":1849},{"id":1850},{"id":1851},{"id":1852},{"id":1853},{"id":1854},{"id":1855},{"id":1856},{"id":1857},{"id":1858},{"id":1859},{"id":1860},{"id":1861},{"id":1862},{"id":1863},{"id":1864},{"id":1865},{"id":1866},{"id":1867},{"id":1868},{"id":1869},{"id":1870},{"id":1871},{"id":1872},{"id":1873},{"id":1874},{"id":1875},{"id":1876},{"id":1877},{"id":1878},{"id":1879},{"id":1880},{"id":1881},{"id":1882},{"id":1883},{"id":1884},{"id":1885},{"id":1886},{"id":1887},{"id":1888},{"id":1889},{"id":1890},{"id":1891},{"id":1892},{"id":1893},{"id":1894},{"id":1895},{"id":1896},{"id":1897},{"id":1898},{"id":1899},{"id":1900},{"id":1901},{"id":1902},{"id":1903},{"id":1904},{"id":1905},{"id":1906},{"id":1907},{"id":1908},{"id":1909},{"id":1910},{"id":1911},{"id":1912},{"id":1913},{"id":1914},{"id":1915},{"id":1916},{"id":1917},{"id":1918},{"id":1919},{"id":1920},{"id":1921},{"id":1922},{"id":1923},{"id":1924},{"id":1925},{"id":1926},{"id":1927},{"id":1928},{"id":1929},{"id":1930},{"id":1931},{"id":1932},{"id":1933},{"id":1934},{"id":1935},{"id":1936},{"id":1937},{"id":1938},{"id":1939},{"id":1940},{"id":1941},{"id":1942},{"id":1943},{"id":1944},{"id":1945},{"id":1946},{"id":1947},{"id":1948},{"id":1949},{"id":1950},{"id":1951},{"id":1952},{"id":1953},{"id":1954},{"id":1955},{"id":1956},{"id":1957},{"id":1958},{"id":1959},{"id":1960},{"id":1961},{"id":1962},{"id":1963},{"id":1964},{"id":1965},{"id":1966},{"id":1967},{"id":1968},{"id":1969},{"id":1970},{"id":1971},{"id":1972},{"id":1973},{"id":1974},{"id":1975},{"id":1976},{"id":1977},{"id":1978},{"id":1979},{"id":1980},{"id":1981},{"id":1982},{"id":1983},{"id":1984},{"id":1985},{"id":1986},{"id":1987},{"id":1988},{"id":1989},{"id":1990},{"id":1991},{"id":1992},{"id":1993},{"id":1994},{"id":1995},{"id":1996},{"id":1997},{"id":1998},{"id":1999},{"id":2000},{"id":2001},{"id":2002},{"id":2003},{"id":2004},{"id":2005},{"id":2006},{"id":2007},{"id":2008},{"id":2009},{"id":2010},{"id":2011},{"id":2012},{"id":2013},{"id":2014}]},"entities":{"values":[{"id":23,"name":"Australia","code":"AUS"},{"id":172,"name":"Chile","code":"CHL"},{"id":161,"name":"Denmark","code":"DNK"},{"id":3,"name":"France","code":"FRA"},{"id":5,"name":"Netherlands","code":"NLD"},{"id":102,"name":"Norway","code":"NOR"},{"id":95,"name":"Portugal","code":"PRT"},{"id":9,"name":"Spain","code":"ESP"},{"id":10,"name":"Sweden","code":"SWE"},{"id":1,"name":"United Kingdom","code":"GBR"},{"id":13,"name":"United States","code":"USA"},{"id":36456,"name":"Zollverein","code":null},{"id":170,"name":"Colombia","code":"COL"},{"id":149,"name":"Greece","code":"GRC"},{"id":4,"name":"Belgium","code":"BEL"},{"id":171,"name":"China","code":"CHN"},{"id":7,"name":"Switzerland","code":"CHE"},{"id":155,"name":"Finland","code":"FIN"},{"id":37,"name":"Brazil","code":"BRA"},{"id":8,"name":"Italy","code":"ITA"},{"id":44,"name":"Canada","code":"CAN"},{"id":14,"name":"Japan","code":"JPN"},{"id":373,"name":"Austria-Hungary","code":"OWID_AUH"},{"id":36457,"name":"British India","code":null},{"id":106,"name":"New Zealand","code":"NZL"},{"id":63,"name":"Uruguay","code":"URY"},{"id":6,"name":"Germany","code":"DEU"},{"id":21,"name":"Argentina","code":"ARG"},{"id":12,"name":"Russia","code":"RUS"},{"id":65,"name":"Egypt","code":"EGY"},{"id":84,"name":"Vietnam","code":"VNM"},{"id":39,"name":"Bulgaria","code":"BGR"},{"id":113,"name":"Mexico","code":"MEX"},{"id":86,"name":"Singapore","code":"SGP"},{"id":142,"name":"Myanmar","code":"MMR"},{"id":164,"name":"Cuba","code":"CUB"},{"id":198,"name":"Taiwan","code":"TWN"},{"id":81,"name":"South Africa","code":"ZAF"},{"id":127,"name":"South Korea","code":"KOR"},{"id":138,"name":"Hungary","code":"HUN"},{"id":136,"name":"Indonesia","code":"IDN"},{"id":148,"name":"Guatemala","code":"GTM"},{"id":268,"name":"Serbia and Montenegro","code":"OWID_SRM"},{"id":80,"name":"Zimbabwe","code":"ZWE"},{"id":24,"name":"Austria","code":"AUT"},{"id":139,"name":"Honduras","code":"HND"},{"id":2,"name":"Ireland","code":"IRL"},{"id":132,"name":"Jamaica","code":"JAM"},{"id":93,"name":"Puerto Rico","code":"PRI"},{"id":166,"name":"Costa Rica","code":"CRI"},{"id":201,"name":"Ecuador","code":"ECU"},{"id":3913,"name":"Hawaii","code":null},{"id":259,"name":"El Salvador","code":"SLV"},{"id":97,"name":"Peru","code":"PER"},{"id":145,"name":"Haiti","code":"HTI"},{"id":100,"name":"Panama","code":"PAN"},{"id":96,"name":"Philippines","code":"PHL"},{"id":75,"name":"Thailand","code":"THA"},{"id":60,"name":"Zambia","code":"ZMB"},{"id":141,"name":"Sri Lanka","code":"LKA"},{"id":16,"name":"Albania","code":"ALB"},{"id":34,"name":"Bolivia","code":"BOL"},{"id":267,"name":"Czechoslovakia","code":"OWID_CZS"},{"id":160,"name":"Dominican Republic","code":"DOM"},{"id":158,"name":"Ethiopia","code":"ETH"},{"id":207,"name":"Iceland","code":"ISL"},{"id":137,"name":"India","code":"IND"},{"id":135,"name":"Iran","code":"IRN"},{"id":134,"name":"Iraq","code":"IRQ"},{"id":133,"name":"Israel","code":"ISR"},{"id":124,"name":"Lebanon","code":"LBN"},{"id":121,"name":"Liberia","code":"LBR"},{"id":116,"name":"Malaysia","code":"MYS"},{"id":112,"name":"Mongolia","code":"MNG"},{"id":105,"name":"Nicaragua","code":"NIC"},{"id":128,"name":"North Korea","code":"PRK"},{"id":101,"name":"Pakistan","code":"PAK"},{"id":98,"name":"Paraguay","code":"PRY"},{"id":11,"name":"Poland","code":"POL"},{"id":92,"name":"Romania","code":"ROU"},{"id":90,"name":"Saudi Arabia","code":"SAU"},{"id":77,"name":"Syria","code":"SYR"},{"id":70,"name":"Turkey","code":"TUR"},{"id":238,"name":"Venezuela","code":"VEN"},{"id":17,"name":"Algeria","code":"DZA"},{"id":168,"name":"Congo","code":"COG"},{"id":163,"name":"Cyprus","code":"CYP"},{"id":167,"name":"Democratic Republic of Congo","code":"COD"},{"id":202,"name":"Fiji","code":"FJI"},{"id":150,"name":"Ghana","code":"GHA"},{"id":210,"name":"Luxembourg","code":"LUX"},{"id":118,"name":"Madagascar","code":"MDG"},{"id":213,"name":"Mauritius","code":"MUS"},{"id":103,"name":"Nigeria","code":"NGA"},{"id":185,"name":"West Germany","code":"OWID_GFR"},{"id":73,"name":"Trinidad and Tobago","code":"TTO"},{"id":130,"name":"Jordan","code":"JOR"},{"id":110,"name":"Morocco","code":"MAR"},{"id":107,"name":"Nepal","code":"NPL"},{"id":40,"name":"Burkina Faso","code":"BFA"},{"id":35118,"name":"German Democratic Republic","code":null},{"id":117,"name":"Malawi","code":"MWI"},{"id":68,"name":"Uganda","code":"UGA"},{"id":129,"name":"Kenya","code":"KEN"},{"id":79,"name":"Sudan","code":"SDN"},{"id":64,"name":"Tanzania","code":"TZA"},{"id":15,"name":"Afghanistan","code":"AFG"},{"id":153,"name":"Gabon","code":"GAB"},{"id":43,"name":"Cameroon","code":"CMR"},{"id":32,"name":"Benin","code":"BEN"},{"id":89,"name":"Senegal","code":"SEN"},{"id":26,"name":"Bahamas","code":"BHS"},{"id":28,"name":"Bangladesh","code":"BGD"},{"id":31,"name":"Belize","code":"BLZ"},{"id":194,"name":"Bermuda","code":"BMU"},{"id":36,"name":"Botswana","code":"BWA"},{"id":41,"name":"Burundi","code":"BDI"},{"id":42,"name":"Cambodia","code":"KHM"},{"id":174,"name":"Central African Republic","code":"CAF"},{"id":173,"name":"Chad","code":"TCD"},{"id":143,"name":"Cote d'Ivoire","code":"CIV"},{"id":78,"name":"Eswatini","code":"SWZ"},{"id":146,"name":"Guyana","code":"GUY"},{"id":144,"name":"Hong Kong","code":"HKG"},{"id":123,"name":"Lesotho","code":"LSO"},{"id":120,"name":"Libya","code":"LBY"},{"id":115,"name":"Mali","code":"MLI"},{"id":114,"name":"Mauritania","code":"MRT"},{"id":104,"name":"Niger","code":"NER"},{"id":99,"name":"Papua New Guinea","code":"PNG"},{"id":91,"name":"Rwanda","code":"RWA"},{"id":227,"name":"Saint Kitts and Nevis","code":"KNA"},{"id":230,"name":"Saint Vincent and the Grenadines","code":"VCT"},{"id":233,"name":"Seychelles","code":"SYC"},{"id":87,"name":"Sierra Leone","code":"SLE"},{"id":82,"name":"Somalia","code":"SOM"},{"id":234,"name":"Suriname","code":"SUR"},{"id":74,"name":"Togo","code":"TGO"},{"id":71,"name":"Tunisia","code":"TUN"},{"id":256,"name":"United States Virgin Islands","code":"VIR"},{"id":159,"name":"Equatorial Guinea","code":"GNQ"},{"id":208,"name":"Kuwait","code":"KWT"},{"id":212,"name":"Malta","code":"MLT"},{"id":38,"name":"Brunei","code":"BRN"},{"id":203,"name":"French Polynesia","code":"PYF"},{"id":151,"name":"Gambia","code":"GMB"},{"id":220,"name":"New Caledonia","code":"NCL"},{"id":217,"name":"Oman","code":"OMN"},{"id":29,"name":"Barbados","code":"BRB"},{"id":195,"name":"Solomon Islands","code":"SLB"},{"id":147,"name":"Guinea","code":"GIN"},{"id":125,"name":"Laos","code":"LAO"},{"id":18,"name":"Andorra","code":"AND"},{"id":205,"name":"Greenland","code":"GRL"},{"id":94,"name":"Guinea-Bissau","code":"GNB"},{"id":204,"name":"Kiribati","code":"KIR"},{"id":209,"name":"Liechtenstein","code":"LIE"},{"id":214,"name":"Monaco","code":"MCO"},{"id":226,"name":"Qatar","code":"QAT"},{"id":27,"name":"Bahrain","code":"BHR"},{"id":72,"name":"United Arab Emirates","code":"ARE"},{"id":19,"name":"Angola","code":"AGO"},{"id":45,"name":"Cape Verde","code":"CPV"},{"id":109,"name":"Mozambique","code":"MOZ"},{"id":232,"name":"Sao Tome and Principe","code":"STP"},{"id":235,"name":"Tonga","code":"TON"},{"id":20,"name":"Antigua and Barbuda","code":"ATG"},{"id":200,"name":"Dominica","code":"DMA"},{"id":206,"name":"Grenada","code":"GRD"},{"id":154,"name":"Djibouti","code":"DJI"},{"id":239,"name":"Samoa","code":"WSM"},{"id":229,"name":"Saint Lucia","code":"LCA"},{"id":221,"name":"Vanuatu","code":"VUT"},{"id":33,"name":"Bhutan","code":"BTN"},{"id":169,"name":"Comoros","code":"COM"},{"id":211,"name":"Maldives","code":"MDV"},{"id":108,"name":"Namibia","code":"NAM"},{"id":223,"name":"Marshall Islands","code":"MHL"},{"id":262,"name":"Macao","code":"MAC"},{"id":35355,"name":"Micronesia","code":null},{"id":69,"name":"Turkmenistan","code":"TKM"},{"id":67,"name":"Ukraine","code":"UKR"},{"id":22,"name":"Armenia","code":"ARM"},{"id":25,"name":"Azerbaijan","code":"AZE"},{"id":30,"name":"Belarus","code":"BLR"},{"id":162,"name":"Czechia","code":"CZE"},{"id":152,"name":"Georgia","code":"GEO"},{"id":131,"name":"Kazakhstan","code":"KAZ"},{"id":126,"name":"Kyrgyzstan","code":"KGZ"},{"id":111,"name":"Moldova","code":"MDA"},{"id":66,"name":"North Macedonia","code":"MKD"},{"id":224,"name":"Palau","code":"PLW"},{"id":85,"name":"Slovakia","code":"SVK"},{"id":76,"name":"Tajikistan","code":"TJK"},{"id":237,"name":"Tuvalu","code":"TUV"},{"id":62,"name":"Uzbekistan","code":"UZB"},{"id":61,"name":"Yemen","code":"YEM"},{"id":157,"name":"Eritrea","code":"ERI"},{"id":219,"name":"Aruba","code":"ABW"},{"id":35,"name":"Bosnia and Herzegovina","code":"BIH"},{"id":165,"name":"Croatia","code":"HRV"},{"id":156,"name":"Estonia","code":"EST"},{"id":122,"name":"Latvia","code":"LVA"},{"id":119,"name":"Lithuania","code":"LTU"},{"id":83,"name":"Slovenia","code":"SVN"},{"id":197,"name":"Cayman Islands","code":"CYM"},{"id":304,"name":"Channel Islands","code":"OWID_CIS"},{"id":250,"name":"Faroe Islands","code":"FRO"},{"id":231,"name":"San Marino","code":"SMR"},{"id":225,"name":"East Timor","code":"TLS"},{"id":215,"name":"Montenegro","code":"MNE"}]}},"origins":[]}