{"id":1207736,"name":"global_share_land_use_extent","unit":"%","createdAt":"2026-03-10T08:49:12.000Z","updatedAt":"2026-03-10T08:49:12.000Z","coverage":"","timespan":"-8000-1850","datasetId":7683,"shortUnit":"%","columnOrder":0,"shortName":"global_share_land_use_extent","catalogPath":"grapher/archaeology/2020-12-11/archaeological_land_use__stephens_et_al__2019/archaeological_land_use__stephens_et_al__2019#global_share_land_use_extent","type":"float","datasetName":"Archaeological land use (Stephens et al. 2019)","datasetVersion":"2020-12-11","nonRedistributable":false,"display":{"name":"Share of regions with land use","unit":"%","shortUnit":"%"},"schemaVersion":1,"presentation":{},"source":{"id":31437,"name":"Stephens et al. (2019). Archaeological assessment reveals Earth’s early transformation through land use. Science.","dataPublishedBy":"Stephens, L., Fuller, D., Boivin, N., Rick, T., Gauthier, N., Kay, A., ... & Denham, T. (2019). Archaeological assessment reveals Earth’s early transformation through land use. Science, 365(6456), 897-902.","dataPublisherSource":"","link":"https://science.sciencemag.org/content/365/6456/897","retrievedDate":"2020-12-11","additionalInfo":"The authors present a global assessment of archaeological expert knowledge on land use from 10,000 years before the present (yr B.P.) to 1850 CE.\n\nTo assess and integrate archaeological knowledge toward synthesis at a global scale, the ArchaeoGLOBE Project used a crowdsourcing approach. Archaeologists with land-use expertise were invited to contribute to a detailed questionnaire describing levels of land-use knowledge at 10 time intervals across 146 regional analytical units covering all continents except Antarctica. Contributors selected individual regions where they had expertise; 255 individual archaeologists completed a total of 711 regional questionnaires, resulting in complete, though uneven, global coverage. The result is an expert-based meta-analysis that uses semi-subjective (ranked) survey data to generate regional assessments of land use over time.\n\nThey map the dating and extent of four 'agricultural' regimes across the world:\n1) Foraging: Foraging/hunting/gathering/fishing - subsistence based on hunting wild animals, gathering wild plants, and fishing, without deliberately modifying the reproduction of plants and animals that people exploit.\n2) Pastoralism: the exploitation of pasturelands for animal husbandry - including the breeding, care, and use of domesticated herd animals (e.g., sheep, goats, camels, cattle, horses, llamas, reindeer, and yaks).\n3) Extensive agriculture: swidden/shifting cultivation and other forms of noncontinuous cultivation.\n4) Intensive agriculture: all other forms of continuous cultivation (including irrigated and nonirrigated annual cropping, tropical agroforestry, flooded field farming, and industrial monocrop/plantation agriculture)."},"dimensions":{"years":{"values":[{"id":-8000},{"id":-7901},{"id":-7801},{"id":-7702},{"id":-7602},{"id":-7503},{"id":-7403},{"id":-7304},{"id":-7204},{"id":-7105},{"id":-7005},{"id":-6906},{"id":-6806},{"id":-6707},{"id":-6607},{"id":-6508},{"id":-6408},{"id":-6309},{"id":-6209},{"id":-6110},{"id":-6010},{"id":-5911},{"id":-5811},{"id":-5712},{"id":-5612},{"id":-5513},{"id":-5413},{"id":-5314},{"id":-5214},{"id":-5115},{"id":-5015},{"id":-4916},{"id":-4816},{"id":-4717},{"id":-4617},{"id":-4518},{"id":-4418},{"id":-4319},{"id":-4219},{"id":-4120},{"id":-4020},{"id":-3921},{"id":-3821},{"id":-3722},{"id":-3622},{"id":-3523},{"id":-3423},{"id":-3324},{"id":-3224},{"id":-3125},{"id":-3025},{"id":-2926},{"id":-2826},{"id":-2727},{"id":-2627},{"id":-2528},{"id":-2428},{"id":-2329},{"id":-2229},{"id":-2130},{"id":-2030},{"id":-1931},{"id":-1831},{"id":-1732},{"id":-1632},{"id":-1533},{"id":-1433},{"id":-1334},{"id":-1234},{"id":-1135},{"id":-1035},{"id":-936},{"id":-836},{"id":-737},{"id":-637},{"id":-538},{"id":-438},{"id":-339},{"id":-239},{"id":-140},{"id":-40},{"id":59},{"id":159},{"id":258},{"id":358},{"id":457},{"id":557},{"id":656},{"id":756},{"id":855},{"id":955},{"id":1054},{"id":1154},{"id":1253},{"id":1353},{"id":1452},{"id":1552},{"id":1651},{"id":1751},{"id":1850}]},"entities":{"values":[{"id":159311,"name":"Extensive Agriculture","code":null},{"id":159310,"name":"Foraging","code":null},{"id":159312,"name":"Intensive Agriculture","code":null},{"id":159313,"name":"Pastoralism","code":null},{"id":157384,"name":"Urban","code":null}]}},"origins":[]}