{"id":1210049,"name":"Woman head of state (31st December)","unit":"","createdAt":"2026-03-18T11:24:48.000Z","updatedAt":"2026-10-28T15:32:04.000Z","coverage":"","timespan":"1789-2025","datasetId":7773,"columnOrder":0,"shortName":"wom_hos_vdem","catalogPath":"grapher/democracy/2026-03-17/vdem/vdem_uni_without_regions#wom_hos_vdem","descriptionShort":"Denotes whether the head of state in office on December 31 is a woman.","descriptionFromProducer":"If the head of state is a collective body, provide the gender of the person executing the most effective power over this body, or, if no such person exists, answer if any persons in the body are female.\n\nIndicator name: `v2exfemhos`","descriptionProcessing":"Equivalent to V-Dem's `v2exfemhos` indicator, but it is modified to reflect the gender of the head of state by the end of the year, December 31. V-Dem, instead, seems to refer to other points during the year.\n\nAffected by change are:\n\n- Ali Ben Bongo Ondimba:\n  - 2009-2022 Gabon\n- Chulalongkorn (Rama V):\n  - 1873-1909 Kingdom of Siam\t(Thailand)\n- Dieudonné François Joseph Marie Reste:\n  - 1923-1925 Tchad [part of French Equatorial Africa]\n  - 1929-1930 French Dahomey [colony within French West Africa]\n  - 1932-1934 Ivory Coast [part of French West Africa]\n  - 1936-1938 Middle Congo as part of the French Equatorial Africa\n- Letsie III:\n  - 1990-1994, 1996-2024 Lesotho\n- Miguel I \"o Rei Absoluto\":\n  - 1828-1833 Portugal\n- Moshoeshoe II:\n  - 1960-1965 British Protectorate of Basutoland (Lesotho)\n  - 1966-1989, 1995 Lesotho\n- Prince Zaifeng:\n  - 1908-1911 China\n- Rajkeswur Purryag:\n  - 2012-2014 Mauritius\n- Shimon Peres:\n  - 2007-2013 Israel\n\n### Data imputation\nUnlike most indicators in this dataset, this one is not extended back in time with the data of the historical entity a country was part of. Who led a country is a fact about that country rather than about the power that ruled its territory earlier, so the years before a country appears in V-Dem's data are left empty.","type":"int","dataChecksum":"5798595761279461581","metadataChecksum":"2022430259134258040","datasetName":"V-Dem Country-Year (Full + 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deliberative, and egalitarian characterizations of democracy.\n\nThe project relies on evaluations by around 3,500 country experts and supplementary work by its researchers to assess political institutions and the protection of rights.\n\nThe project is managed by the V-Dem Institute, based at the University of Gothenburg in Sweden.\n\nThis snapshot contains all 531 V-Dem indicators and 251 indices + 62 other indicators from other data sources.\n\nFor more information, please refer to https://www.v-dem.net/data/the-v-dem-dataset/","producer":"V-Dem","citationFull":"Coppedge, Michael, John Gerring, Carl Henrik Knutsen, Staffan I. Lindberg, Jan Teorell, David Altman, Fabio Angiolillo, Michael Bernhard, Agnes Cornell, M. Steven Fish, Linnea Fox, Lisa Gastaldi, Haakon Gjerløw, Adam Glynn, Ana Good God, Sandra Grahn, Allen Hicken, Katrin Kinzelbach, Joshua Krusell, Kyle L. Marquardt, Kelly McMann, Valeriya Mechkova, Juraj Medzihorsky, Natalia Natsika, Anja Neundorf, Pamela Paxton, Daniel Pemstein, Johannes von Römer, Brigitte Seim, Rachel Sigman, Svend-Erik Skaaning, Jeffrey Staton, Aksel Sundström, Marcus Tannenberg, Eitan Tzelgov, Yi-ting Wang, Felix Wiebrecht, Tore Wig, Steven Wilson and Daniel Ziblatt. 2026. \"V-Dem [Country-Year/Country-Date] Dataset v16\" Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem) Project. https://doi.org/10.23696/vdemds26\n\nPemstein, Daniel, Kyle L. Marquardt, Eitan Tzelgov, Yi-ting Wang, Juraj Medzihorsky, Joshua Krusell, Farhad Miri, and Johannes von Römer. 2026. \"The V-Dem Measurement Model: Latent Variable Analysis for Cross-National and Cross-Temporal Expert-Coded Data\". V-Dem Working Paper No. 21. 11th edition. University of Gothenburg: Varieties of Democracy Institute.","versionProducer":"v16","urlMain":"https://v-dem.net/data/the-v-dem-dataset/","dateAccessed":"2026-03-17","datePublished":"2026-03-17","license":{"url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","name":"CC BY 4.0"}}]}