{"id":1354845,"name":"Net migration to England as a share of the population","unit":"%","createdAt":"2026-11-04T15:49:33.000Z","updatedAt":"2026-11-04T15:49:33.000Z","coverage":"","timespan":"1541-1854","datasetId":8246,"shortUnit":"%","columnOrder":0,"shortName":"net_migration_share_of_population","catalogPath":"grapher/migration/2026-08-03/uk_migration/england_net_migration#net_migration_share_of_population","descriptionShort":"Estimated number of people moving to England each year, minus the number leaving, as a share of the population. Negative values mean more people left than arrived.","descriptionFromProducer":"Net Emigration - England (excluding Monmouthshire). Source: Wrigley and Schofield (1989), interpolated quinquennial estimates. These estimates naturally cover migration flows to and from other parts of the UK as well as to overseas countries.","descriptionProcessing":"The source publishes this series as net emigration per 1,000 people, where positive values mean more people leaving. We flipped the sign to show net migration, and expressed the rate as a percentage of the population. The population estimates in the denominator come from the same reconstruction by Wrigley and Schofield.","type":"float","patchConfigIdETL":"01a1a740-5595-70a1-8072-639409048458","datasetName":"Long-run migration flows for the United Kingdom and England","updatePeriodDays":365,"datasetVersion":"2026-08-03","nonRedistributable":false,"display":{"unit":"%","shortUnit":"%","roundingMode":"significantFigures","numDecimalPlaces":2,"numSignificantFigures":2},"schemaVersion":2,"processingLevel":"minor","presentation":{"topicTagsLinks":["Migration"]},"descriptionKey":"This data is not a direct count of migrants — no migration records exist for most of this period. Wrigley and Schofield reconstructed England's population from the registers of baptisms and burials kept by Church of England parishes, and estimated net migration as a residual: the part of the change in population that births and deaths cannot explain.\n\nBecause it is a residual, the estimate counts everyone who crossed England's borders — including people who moved to or from Wales, Scotland, or Ireland, not only those who moved to or from other countries. It also absorbs any errors in the registration of baptisms and burials.\n\nThe original estimates are totals for five-year periods, which the Bank of England interpolated to annual values. Year-to-year changes are therefore smooth by construction, and the data is best read as showing broad levels and trends rather than what happened in any single year.","dimensions":{"years":{"values":[{"id":1541},{"id":1542},{"id":1543},{"id":1544},{"id":1545},{"id":1546},{"id":1547},{"id":1548},{"id":1549},{"id":1550},{"id":1551},{"id":1552},{"id":1553},{"id":1554},{"id":1555},{"id":1556},{"id":1557},{"id":1558},{"id":1559},{"id":1560},{"id":1561},{"id":1562},{"id":1563},{"id":1564},{"id":1565},{"id":1566},{"id":1567},{"id":1568},{"id":1569},{"id":1570},{"id":1571},{"id":1572},{"id":1573},{"id":1574},{"id":1575},{"id":1576},{"id":1577},{"id":1578},{"id":1579},{"id":1580},{"id":1581},{"id":1582},{"id":1583},{"id":1584},{"id":1585},{"id":1586},{"id":1587},{"id":1588},{"id":1589},{"id":1590},{"id":1591},{"id":1592},{"id":1593},{"id":1594},{"id":1595},{"id":1596},{"id":1597},{"id":1598},{"id":1599},{"id":1600},{"id":1601},{"id":1602},{"id":1603},{"id":1604},{"id":1605},{"id":1606},{"id":1607},{"id":1608},{"id":1609},{"id":1610},{"id":1611},{"id":1612},{"id":1613},{"id":1614},{"id":1615},{"id":1616},{"id":1617},{"id":1618},{"id":1619},{"id":1620},{"id":1621},{"id":1622},{"id":1623},{"id":1624},{"id":1625},{"id":1626},{"id":1627},{"id":1628},{"id":1629},{"id":1630},{"id":1631},{"id":1632},{"id":1633},{"id":1634},{"id":1635},{"id":1636},{"id":1637},{"id":1638},{"id":1639},{"id":1640},{"id":1641},{"id":1642},{"id":1643},{"id":1644},{"id":1645},{"id":1646},{"id":1647},{"id":1648},{"id":1649},{"id":1650},{"id":1651},{"id":1652},{"id":1653},{"id":1654},{"id":1655},{"id":1656},{"id":1657},{"id":1658},{"id":1659},{"id":1660},{"id":1661},{"id":1662},{"id":1663},{"id":1664},{"id":1665},{"id":1666},{"id":1667},{"id":1668},{"id":1669},{"id":1670},{"id":1671},{"id":1672},{"id":1673},{"id":1674},{"id":1675},{"id":1676},{"id":1677},{"id":1678},{"id":1679},{"id":1680},{"id":1681},{"id":1682},{"id":1683},{"id":1684},{"id":1685},{"id":1686},{"id":1687},{"id":1688},{"id":1689},{"id":1690},{"id":1691},{"id":1692},{"id":1693},{"id":1694},{"id":1695},{"id":1696},{"id":1697},{"id":1698},{"id":1699},{"id":1700},{"id":1701},{"id":1702},{"id":1703},{"id":1704},{"id":1705},{"id":1706},{"id":1707},{"id":1708},{"id":1709},{"id":1710},{"id":1711},{"id":1712},{"id":1713},{"id":1714},{"id":1715},{"id":1716},{"id":1717},{"id":1718},{"id":1719},{"id":1720},{"id":1721},{"id":1722},{"id":1723},{"id":1724},{"id":1725},{"id":1726},{"id":1727},{"id":1728},{"id":1729},{"id":1730},{"id":1731},{"id":1732},{"id":1733},{"id":1734},{"id":1735},{"id":1736},{"id":1737},{"id":1738},{"id":1739},{"id":1740},{"id":1741},{"id":1742},{"id":1743},{"id":1744},{"id":1745},{"id":1746},{"id":1747},{"id":1748},{"id":1749},{"id":1750},{"id":1751},{"id":1752},{"id":1753},{"id":1754},{"id":1755},{"id":1756},{"id":1757},{"id":1758},{"id":1759},{"id":1760},{"id":1761},{"id":1762},{"id":1763},{"id":1764},{"id":1765},{"id":1766},{"id":1767},{"id":1768},{"id":1769},{"id":1770},{"id":1771},{"id":1772},{"id":1773},{"id":1774},{"id":1775},{"id":1776},{"id":1777},{"id":1778},{"id":1779},{"id":1780},{"id":1781},{"id":1782},{"id":1783},{"id":1784},{"id":1785},{"id":1786},{"id":1787},{"id":1788},{"id":1789},{"id":1790},{"id":1791},{"id":1792},{"id":1793},{"id":1794},{"id":1795},{"id":1796},{"id":1797},{"id":1798},{"id":1799},{"id":1800},{"id":1801},{"id":1802},{"id":1803},{"id":1804},{"id":1805},{"id":1806},{"id":1807},{"id":1808},{"id":1809},{"id":1810},{"id":1811},{"id":1812},{"id":1813},{"id":1814},{"id":1815},{"id":1816},{"id":1817},{"id":1818},{"id":1819},{"id":1820},{"id":1821},{"id":1822},{"id":1823},{"id":1824},{"id":1825},{"id":1826},{"id":1827},{"id":1828},{"id":1829},{"id":1830},{"id":1831},{"id":1832},{"id":1833},{"id":1834},{"id":1835},{"id":1836},{"id":1837},{"id":1838},{"id":1839},{"id":1840},{"id":1841},{"id":1842},{"id":1843},{"id":1844},{"id":1845},{"id":1846},{"id":1847},{"id":1848},{"id":1849},{"id":1850},{"id":1851},{"id":1852},{"id":1853},{"id":1854}]},"entities":{"values":[{"id":16818,"name":"England","code":null}]}},"origins":[{"id":28334,"title":"A millennium of macroeconomic data for the UK","description":"A research dataset compiled by Bank of England staff, bringing together historical macroeconomic and financial statistics for the United Kingdom — national accounts, population, migration, money and credit, fiscal data, interest rates, exchange rates, trade, and labor market data. Some series reach back to the 13th century, with a few benchmark estimates for 1086.\n\nThe dataset splices together estimates from the academic literature, historical administrative records, and official statistics into continuous long-run series, and documents the underlying sources and assumptions in each worksheet. The Bank describes it as a \"best endeavours\" research resource rather than official Bank of England data or National Statistics.\n\nVersion 3.1 was finalized on 30 April 2017 and extended in September and October 2017, with corrections to the historical data made in August 2018 and August 2024. It covers data up to 2016.","producer":"Bank of England","citationFull":"Thomas, R and Dimsdale, N (2017) \"A Millennium of UK Data\", Bank of England OBRA dataset, http://www.bankofengland.co.uk/research/Pages/onebank/threecenturies.aspx\n\nThe Bank of England asks users to also cite the original sources of individual series. The migration series used by Our World in Data (worksheet A19a) draws on: Mitchell, B. R. (1988). British Historical Statistics. Cambridge University Press; and the Office for National Statistics (International Passenger Survey and Long-Term International Migration estimates).","versionProducer":"Version 3.1","urlMain":"https://www.bankofengland.co.uk/statistics/research-datasets","urlDownload":"https://www.bankofengland.co.uk/-/media/boe/files/statistics/research-datasets/a-millennium-of-macroeconomic-data-for-the-uk.xlsx","dateAccessed":"2026-07-29","datePublished":"2017-04-30","license":{"url":"https://www.bankofengland.co.uk/legal","name":"© Bank of England"}}]}