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Data

Annual scholarly publications on artificial intelligence

CSET

What you should know about this indicator

  • The data covers scholarly publications on AI, including journal articles, conference papers, working papers, and preprints.
  • Articles are flagged as AI-related using machine learning models trained on subject tags from arXiv, an open repository for scientific papers.
  • The models only run on articles with English titles or abstracts. Research published only in other languages is missed. Coverage of Chinese research is also limited, since many Chinese journals are not in the underlying sources.
  • An article counts for a country if at least one of its authors is affiliated with an institution there. If authors are based in different countries, it counts once for each.
  • Authors are linked to the country of the institution they worked at when the article was published, not their country of origin.
Annual scholarly publications on artificial intelligence
CSET
Scholarly publications on AI, including journal articles, conference papers, working papers, and preprints. The data only covers articles with an English-language title or abstract.
Source
Center for Security and Emerging Technology (2026) – with minor processing by Our World in Data
Last updated
April 27, 2026
Next expected update
October 2026
Date range
2016–2024
Unit
publications

Sources and processing

This data is based on the following sources

Center for Security and Emerging Technology – Country Activity Tracker: Artificial Intelligence

ETO's Country AI Activity Metrics dataset includes national-level metrics for AI-related research, patents, and private-market investment.

The metrics are derived from a variety of underlying data sources, including ETO's Merged Academic Corpus for research data; The Lens, PATSTAT, and 1790 Analytics for patents; and Crunchbase for company and investment data.

The dataset focuses on countries, not organizations or individuals, and on AI and its subfields. There are many ways to assess countries' AI activities, and the three types of metrics included here, while meaningful, are not exhaustive. The data also has a lag, making counts incomplete for recent years; the lag is especially significant for patent data.

Retrieved on
April 27, 2026
Retrieved from
https://cat.eto.tech/
Citation
This is the citation of the original data obtained from the source, prior to any processing or adaptation by Our World in Data. To cite data downloaded from this page, please use the suggested citation given in Reuse This Work below.
Emerging Technology Observatory Country Activity Tracker: Artificial Intelligence

ETO's Country AI Activity Metrics dataset includes national-level metrics for AI-related research, patents, and private-market investment.

The metrics are derived from a variety of underlying data sources, including ETO's Merged Academic Corpus for research data; The Lens, PATSTAT, and 1790 Analytics for patents; and Crunchbase for company and investment data.

The dataset focuses on countries, not organizations or individuals, and on AI and its subfields. There are many ways to assess countries' AI activities, and the three types of metrics included here, while meaningful, are not exhaustive. The data also has a lag, making counts incomplete for recent years; the lag is especially significant for patent data.

Retrieved on
April 27, 2026
Retrieved from
https://cat.eto.tech/
Citation
This is the citation of the original data obtained from the source, prior to any processing or adaptation by Our World in Data. To cite data downloaded from this page, please use the suggested citation given in Reuse This Work below.
Emerging Technology Observatory Country Activity Tracker: Artificial Intelligence

How we process data at Our World in Data

All data and visualizations on Our World in Data rely on data sourced from one or several original data providers. Preparing this original data involves several processing steps. Depending on the data, this can include standardizing country names and world region definitions, converting units, calculating derived indicators such as per capita measures, as well as adding or adapting metadata such as the name or the description given to an indicator.

At the link below you can find a detailed description of the structure of our data pipeline, including links to all the code used to prepare data across Our World in Data.

Read about our data pipeline
Notes on our processing step for this indicator

We calculate regional and global totals from the country-level data CSET provides, following our region definitions. Countries that are not covered by the source are excluded from these totals.

Reuse this work

  • All data produced by third-party providers and made available by Our World in Data are subject to the license terms from the original providers. Our work would not be possible without the data providers we rely on, so we ask you to always cite them appropriately (see below). This is crucial to allow data providers to continue doing their work, enhancing, maintaining and updating valuable data.
  • All data, visualizations, and code produced by Our World in Data are completely open access under the Creative Commons BY license. You have the permission to use, distribute, and reproduce these in any medium, provided the source and authors are credited.

Citations

How to cite this page

To cite this page overall, including any descriptions, FAQs or explanations of the data authored by Our World in Data, please use the following citation:

“Data Page: Annual scholarly publications on artificial intelligence”, part of the following publication: Charlie Giattino, Edouard Mathieu, Veronika Samborska, and Max Roser (2023) - “Artificial Intelligence”. Data adapted from Center for Security and Emerging Technology. Retrieved from https://archive.ourworldindata.org/20260430-092147/grapher/annual-scholarly-publications-on-artificial-intelligence.html [online resource] (archived on April 30, 2026).

How to cite this data

In-line citationIf you have limited space (e.g. in data visualizations), you can use this abbreviated in-line citation:

Center for Security and Emerging Technology (2026) – with minor processing by Our World in Data

Full citation

Center for Security and Emerging Technology (2026) – with minor processing by Our World in Data. “Annual scholarly publications on artificial intelligence – CSET” [dataset]. Center for Security and Emerging Technology, “Country Activity Tracker: Artificial Intelligence” [original data]. Retrieved April 30, 2026 from https://archive.ourworldindata.org/20260430-092147/grapher/annual-scholarly-publications-on-artificial-intelligence.html (archived on April 30, 2026).

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