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Data

Capital intensity

About this data

Source
Bergeaud et al. (2016) – processed by Our World in Data
Last updated
April 3, 2018
Date range
1890–2015

Sources and processing

This data is based on the following sources

Bergeaud et al. – Productivity trends in advanced countries between 1890 and 2012

The Long-Term Productivity database was created as a project at the Bank of France in 2013 by Antonin Bergeaud, Gilbert Cette and Remy Lecat. This database covers productivity relevant statistics, at least for the period 1890 to present, and includes 17 countries in the latest version (2016).

The starting database used was built by Cette, Kocoglu and Mairesse (2009) on the United States, Japan, France and the United Kingdom over the 1890-2006 period.

Retrieved on
April 3, 2018
Retrieved from
http://www.longtermproductivity.com/download.html
Citation
This is the citation of the original data obtained from the source, prior to any processing or adaptation by Our World in Data. To cite data downloaded from this page, please use the suggested citation given in Reuse This Work below.
Bergeaud, A., Cette, G. and Lecat, R. (2016). Productivity trends in advanced countries between 1890 and 2012. Review of Income and Wealth, vol. 62(3), pages 420–444.

The Long-Term Productivity database was created as a project at the Bank of France in 2013 by Antonin Bergeaud, Gilbert Cette and Remy Lecat. This database covers productivity relevant statistics, at least for the period 1890 to present, and includes 17 countries in the latest version (2016).

The starting database used was built by Cette, Kocoglu and Mairesse (2009) on the United States, Japan, France and the United Kingdom over the 1890-2006 period.

Retrieved on
April 3, 2018
Retrieved from
http://www.longtermproductivity.com/download.html
Citation
This is the citation of the original data obtained from the source, prior to any processing or adaptation by Our World in Data. To cite data downloaded from this page, please use the suggested citation given in Reuse This Work below.
Bergeaud, A., Cette, G. and Lecat, R. (2016). Productivity trends in advanced countries between 1890 and 2012. Review of Income and Wealth, vol. 62(3), pages 420–444.

How we process data at Our World in Data

All data and visualizations on Our World in Data rely on data sourced from one or several original data providers. Preparing this original data involves several processing steps. Depending on the data, this can include standardizing country names and world region definitions, converting units, calculating derived indicators such as per capita measures, as well as adding or adapting metadata such as the name or the description given to an indicator.

At the link below you can find a detailed description of the structure of our data pipeline, including links to all the code used to prepare data across Our World in Data.

Read about our data pipeline

Reuse this work

  • All data produced by third-party providers and made available by Our World in Data are subject to the license terms from the original providers. Our work would not be possible without the data providers we rely on, so we ask you to always cite them appropriately (see below). This is crucial to allow data providers to continue doing their work, enhancing, maintaining and updating valuable data.
  • All data, visualizations, and code produced by Our World in Data are completely open access under the Creative Commons BY license. You have the permission to use, distribute, and reproduce these in any medium, provided the source and authors are credited.

Citations

How to cite this page

To cite this page overall, including any descriptions, FAQs or explanations of the data authored by Our World in Data, please use the following citation:

“Data Page: Capital intensity”. Our World in Data (2026). Data adapted from Bergeaud et al.. Retrieved from https://archive.ourworldindata.org/20260511-092124/grapher/capital-intensity.html [online resource] (archived on May 11, 2026).

How to cite this data

In-line citationIf you have limited space (e.g. in data visualizations), you can use this abbreviated in-line citation:

Bergeaud et al. (2016) – processed by Our World in Data

Full citation

Bergeaud et al. (2016) – processed by Our World in Data. “Capital intensity” [dataset]. Bergeaud et al., “Productivity trends in advanced countries between 1890 and 2012” [original data]. Retrieved May 11, 2026 from https://archive.ourworldindata.org/20260511-092124/grapher/capital-intensity.html (archived on May 11, 2026).

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