Our World
in Data
Oxford Martin School logoUniversity of Oxford logoGlobal Change Data Lab logo
Data

Greenhouse gas emissions from food systems

About this data

Source
Crippa et al. (2021) – processed by Our World in Data
Last updated
March 10, 2021
Date range
1990–2015
Unit
tonnes CO₂e
Unit conversion factor
1000000

Sources and processing

This data is based on the following sources

Crippa et al. – Food systems are responsible for a third of global anthropogenic GHG emissions

Crippa et al. (2021) quantify the greenhouse gas emissions of the food system from 1990 to 2015. This includes not only direct emissions from agriculture, but also land use change and supply chain emissions (transport, packaging, food processing, retail, consumer cooking, refrigeration and waste).

Greenhouse gas emissions are quantified on the basis of their 100-year global warming potential (GWP100) using emission factors from the IPCC 5th Assessment Report (AR5).

Emissions by country are quantified on the basis of food production, not consumption. This means they do not account for international trade.

Retrieved on
March 10, 2021
Retrieved from
https://www.nature.com/articles/s43016-021-00225-9
Citation
This is the citation of the original data obtained from the source, prior to any processing or adaptation by Our World in Data. To cite data downloaded from this page, please use the suggested citation given in Reuse This Work below.
Crippa, M., Solazzo, E., Guizzardi, D. et al. Food systems are responsible for a third of global anthropogenic GHG emissions. Nature Food (2021).

Crippa et al. (2021) quantify the greenhouse gas emissions of the food system from 1990 to 2015. This includes not only direct emissions from agriculture, but also land use change and supply chain emissions (transport, packaging, food processing, retail, consumer cooking, refrigeration and waste).

Greenhouse gas emissions are quantified on the basis of their 100-year global warming potential (GWP100) using emission factors from the IPCC 5th Assessment Report (AR5).

Emissions by country are quantified on the basis of food production, not consumption. This means they do not account for international trade.

Retrieved on
March 10, 2021
Retrieved from
https://www.nature.com/articles/s43016-021-00225-9
Citation
This is the citation of the original data obtained from the source, prior to any processing or adaptation by Our World in Data. To cite data downloaded from this page, please use the suggested citation given in Reuse This Work below.
Crippa, M., Solazzo, E., Guizzardi, D. et al. Food systems are responsible for a third of global anthropogenic GHG emissions. Nature Food (2021).

How we process data at Our World in Data

All data and visualizations on Our World in Data rely on data sourced from one or several original data providers. Preparing this original data involves several processing steps. Depending on the data, this can include standardizing country names and world region definitions, converting units, calculating derived indicators such as per capita measures, as well as adding or adapting metadata such as the name or the description given to an indicator.

At the link below you can find a detailed description of the structure of our data pipeline, including links to all the code used to prepare data across Our World in Data.

Read about our data pipeline

Reuse this work

  • All data produced by third-party providers and made available by Our World in Data are subject to the license terms from the original providers. Our work would not be possible without the data providers we rely on, so we ask you to always cite them appropriately (see below). This is crucial to allow data providers to continue doing their work, enhancing, maintaining and updating valuable data.
  • All data, visualizations, and code produced by Our World in Data are completely open access under the Creative Commons BY license. You have the permission to use, distribute, and reproduce these in any medium, provided the source and authors are credited.

Citations

How to cite this page

To cite this page overall, including any descriptions, FAQs or explanations of the data authored by Our World in Data, please use the following citation:

“Data Page: Greenhouse gas emissions from food systems”. Our World in Data (2026). Data adapted from Crippa et al.. Retrieved from https://archive.ourworldindata.org/20260512-085513/grapher/emissions-from-food.html [online resource] (archived on May 12, 2026).

How to cite this data

In-line citationIf you have limited space (e.g. in data visualizations), you can use this abbreviated in-line citation:

Crippa et al. (2021) – processed by Our World in Data

Full citation

Crippa et al. (2021) – processed by Our World in Data. “Greenhouse gas emissions from food systems” [dataset]. Crippa et al., “Food systems are responsible for a third of global anthropogenic GHG emissions” [original data]. Retrieved May 12, 2026 from https://archive.ourworldindata.org/20260512-085513/grapher/emissions-from-food.html (archived on May 12, 2026).

Download

Quick download

You can download the visualization as an image or download the chart data.