Our World
in Data
Oxford Martin School logoUniversity of Oxford logoGlobal Change Data Lab logo
Data

Global wildlife exports

About this data

Source
Harfoot et al. (2018) – processed by Our World in Data
Last updated
February 26, 2021
Date range
1975–2014
Unit
whole organism equivalents

Sources and processing

This data is based on the following sources

Harfoot et al. – Unveiling the patterns and trends in 40 years of global trade in CITES-listed wildlife

To quantify wildlife trade across different species and over time, the authors calculate wildlife trade in 'whole organism equivalents (WOE).

As they define: "To summarise and make the data equivalent across the heterogeneous types of products, we transformed products reported in trade to whole organism equivalents (WOEs), where possible. For example, five skulls represent five WOEs, whereas we assume that four ears are sourced from two animals and so represent two WOEs."

Retrieved on
February 26, 2021
Retrieved from
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0006320717312478#!
Citation
This is the citation of the original data obtained from the source, prior to any processing or adaptation by Our World in Data. To cite data downloaded from this page, please use the suggested citation given in Reuse This Work below.
Harfoot, M., Glaser, S. A., Tittensor, D. P., Britten, G. L., McLardy, C., Malsch, K., & Burgess, N. D. (2018). Unveiling the patterns and trends in 40 years of global trade in CITES-listed wildlife. Biological Conservation, 223, 47-57.

To quantify wildlife trade across different species and over time, the authors calculate wildlife trade in 'whole organism equivalents (WOE).

As they define: "To summarise and make the data equivalent across the heterogeneous types of products, we transformed products reported in trade to whole organism equivalents (WOEs), where possible. For example, five skulls represent five WOEs, whereas we assume that four ears are sourced from two animals and so represent two WOEs."

Retrieved on
February 26, 2021
Retrieved from
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0006320717312478#!
Citation
This is the citation of the original data obtained from the source, prior to any processing or adaptation by Our World in Data. To cite data downloaded from this page, please use the suggested citation given in Reuse This Work below.
Harfoot, M., Glaser, S. A., Tittensor, D. P., Britten, G. L., McLardy, C., Malsch, K., & Burgess, N. D. (2018). Unveiling the patterns and trends in 40 years of global trade in CITES-listed wildlife. Biological Conservation, 223, 47-57.

How we process data at Our World in Data

All data and visualizations on Our World in Data rely on data sourced from one or several original data providers. Preparing this original data involves several processing steps. Depending on the data, this can include standardizing country names and world region definitions, converting units, calculating derived indicators such as per capita measures, as well as adding or adapting metadata such as the name or the description given to an indicator.

At the link below you can find a detailed description of the structure of our data pipeline, including links to all the code used to prepare data across Our World in Data.

Read about our data pipeline

Reuse this work

  • All data produced by third-party providers and made available by Our World in Data are subject to the license terms from the original providers. Our work would not be possible without the data providers we rely on, so we ask you to always cite them appropriately (see below). This is crucial to allow data providers to continue doing their work, enhancing, maintaining and updating valuable data.
  • All data, visualizations, and code produced by Our World in Data are completely open access under the Creative Commons BY license. You have the permission to use, distribute, and reproduce these in any medium, provided the source and authors are credited.

Citations

How to cite this page

To cite this page overall, including any descriptions, FAQs or explanations of the data authored by Our World in Data, please use the following citation:

“Data Page: Global wildlife exports”. Our World in Data (2026). Data adapted from Harfoot et al.. Retrieved from https://archive.ourworldindata.org/20260512-085513/grapher/wildlife-exports.html [online resource] (archived on May 12, 2026).

How to cite this data

In-line citationIf you have limited space (e.g. in data visualizations), you can use this abbreviated in-line citation:

Harfoot et al. (2018) – processed by Our World in Data

Full citation

Harfoot et al. (2018) – processed by Our World in Data. “Global wildlife exports” [dataset]. Harfoot et al., “Unveiling the patterns and trends in 40 years of global trade in CITES-listed wildlife” [original data]. Retrieved May 12, 2026 from https://archive.ourworldindata.org/20260512-085513/grapher/wildlife-exports.html (archived on May 12, 2026).

Download

Quick download

You can download the visualization as an image or download the chart data.