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Data

Extent of support or opposition to redistribution by beliefs about what it takes to get ahead in life

About this data

Source
Bowles (2012) – processed by Our World in Data
Last updated
January 8, 2019
Date range
0–0

Sources and processing

This data is based on the following sources

Bowles – The new economics of inequality and redistribution

Bars represent ordinary least squares coefficients (value of the estimated coefficient is in parentheses) predicting support for redistribution. The dependent variable is standardised. Independent variables are the respondent's belief in the importance of the factor shown to getting ahead in life. The coefficients are the estimated effects of a one-point increase in the response scale for a given belief on the standard deviations of the support for redistribution.

Retrieved on
January 8, 2019
Citation
This is the citation of the original data obtained from the source, prior to any processing or adaptation by Our World in Data. To cite data downloaded from this page, please use the suggested citation given in Reuse This Work below.
Figure 5.3 in Samuel Bowles. 2012. The New Economics of Inequality and Redistribution. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; Christina Fong, Samuel Bowles, and Herbert Gintis. 2005. 'Strong Reciprocity and the Welfare State'. In Handbook of Giving, Reciprocity and Altruism. Edited by Serge-Christophe Kolm and Jean Mercier Ythier. Amsterdam: Elsevier.

Bars represent ordinary least squares coefficients (value of the estimated coefficient is in parentheses) predicting support for redistribution. The dependent variable is standardised. Independent variables are the respondent's belief in the importance of the factor shown to getting ahead in life. The coefficients are the estimated effects of a one-point increase in the response scale for a given belief on the standard deviations of the support for redistribution.

Retrieved on
January 8, 2019
Citation
This is the citation of the original data obtained from the source, prior to any processing or adaptation by Our World in Data. To cite data downloaded from this page, please use the suggested citation given in Reuse This Work below.
Figure 5.3 in Samuel Bowles. 2012. The New Economics of Inequality and Redistribution. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; Christina Fong, Samuel Bowles, and Herbert Gintis. 2005. 'Strong Reciprocity and the Welfare State'. In Handbook of Giving, Reciprocity and Altruism. Edited by Serge-Christophe Kolm and Jean Mercier Ythier. Amsterdam: Elsevier.

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Citations

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To cite this page overall, including any descriptions, FAQs or explanations of the data authored by Our World in Data, please use the following citation:

“Data Page: Extent of support or opposition to redistribution by beliefs about what it takes to get ahead in life”. Our World in Data (2026). Data adapted from Bowles. Retrieved from https://archive.ourworldindata.org/20260513-060106/grapher/beliefs-about-what-it-takes-to-gete-ahead-in-life.html [online resource] (archived on May 13, 2026).

How to cite this data

In-line citationIf you have limited space (e.g. in data visualizations), you can use this abbreviated in-line citation:

Bowles (2012) – processed by Our World in Data

Full citation

Bowles (2012) – processed by Our World in Data. “Extent of support or opposition to redistribution by beliefs about what it takes to get ahead in life” [dataset]. Bowles, “The new economics of inequality and redistribution” [original data]. Retrieved May 13, 2026 from https://archive.ourworldindata.org/20260513-060106/grapher/beliefs-about-what-it-takes-to-gete-ahead-in-life.html (archived on May 13, 2026).

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